PhaseIVModelTraining3.docx

Phase IV Model Evaluation and Deployment Question Sheet

Open the HTML file attached to read the scenario. After reading through the case, please review the three questions in this assignment.

Keep the HTML file open so that it is easier for you to look for the information questioned in the following question. Select the correct answer with an explanation in 2 to 3 sentences.

Q 1 .

Part 1

Which of the following definitions best describes the AUROC metric?

How many of the samples predicted positive are actually positive

How well the model is able to segment objects

How many positive samples are correctly predicted as positive

How well separated the predicted probabilities of negatives are from positives

Part 2.

Why might model B be more useful than model A in worklist prioritization?

Model B is not more useful than model A

Model B places more abnormal exams early in the worklist than model A

Model B places more normal exams early in the worklist than model A

Model B places fewer abnormal exams at the end of the worklist than model A

Part 3.

How might both models be leveraged in order to produce a better performance immediately overall?

Each model can be deployed at separate clinics

For new exams, the predictions of both models can be averaged together

The models can be re-trained using the same hyperparameters

The trained models can be used to train other models

Part 4

When models are evaluated, they are often trained multiple times. Why might this be the case?

Q 2

Part 1

For automated triage, which of the following is the most important metric to satisfy when choosing an operating point?

Specificity, as it measures how many negative samples are correctly predicted as negative

PPV / Precision, as it measures how many of the samples predicted positive are actually positive

Sensitivity / Recall, as it measures how many positive samples are correctly predicted as positive

Intersection Over Union (IOU), as it measures how well the model is able to segment the lesions

Part 2.

Who is the beneficiary of the EHR-based invasive mechanical ventilation predictor?

1/ The provider – the output helps the clinician manage their patients

2/ The patient – the output will help the patient make informed decisions

3/The hospital – the output will identify the need for additional ICU rooms

4 / None of the above

Part 3.

Hypoxemia is an important feature in the EHR-based invasive mechanical ventilation predictor model that was validated in the independent sample. This can be used as a component of the:

Valid clinical association

Analytical validation

Clinical validation

None of the above

Part 4.

The model has identified that patient X is at high risk of invasive mechanical ventilation within the next 48 hours and this information was sent to the clinical team. What action can be taken based on the prediction and any mitigation strategy.

Reserve a ventilator and bed  in ICU to ensure the patient has the resources they need when they begin to clinically decline

Administration of an experimental drug currently under investigation for COVID deterioration

Notify the insurance company to ensure payment of the anticipated extended length of stay

None of the above

Q3

The question will no longer be tied to the HTML file , as it applies more broadly to many deployment settings.

A multi-part multiple-choice question that deals with issues and hypothetical scenarios related to model deployment in the clinical setting.

Part 1.

Before you deploy the model, you want to test the fairness of the model based on anti-classification.  What variables would you use to test fairness?

Gender

Race

County of residence

Gender and Race

All of the above

Part 2.

You provide the model output to the clinical team. What would be the risk category?

Category I

Category II

Category III

Category IV

Part 3.

Given the novelty of COVID, what do you think could be used for a valid clinical association argument?

Performance of a clinical trial based on your AI solution

Literature Searches

Examples of how your model can generate new evidence

All of the above

Part 4.

Your model uses past symptoms as a predictor for invasive mechanical ventilation, however 40% of your population are on public insurance and likely do not have the same access to care as those on private insurance. How would this bias your results?

Under reporting of symptoms in public insured patients

Patients on public insurance are likely to have more symptoms than patients on private insurance because they are known to have more comorbidities

This will not bias the outcome, need for invasive mechanical ventilation because symptoms were not a top predictor of the outcome

None of the above

Gender

Part 5

In real-time, it takes 24 hours to obtain and process the images needed for the CXR-based COVID detector. Would this time lag affect the clinical utility of the AI solution? Why or Why not?