GED 260 Criminology Multiple Choice Questions

GED 260 Criminology Multiple Choice QuestionsEarly Roman law derived from the ______.a. Twelve Tablesb. Code of Babyloniac. Justinian Coded. Code of HammurabiUnit 1 Examination35GED 260 Criminology21. The belief that the natural human condition at birth is that of a blank slate is attributed to______.a. Jean-Jacques Rousseaub. John Lockec. Thomas Pained. Thomas Hobbes22. Which type of crime would Cesare Beccaria be most likely to recommend be punished throughthe use of corporal punishment?a. inciting revolutionb. assaultc. treasond. burglary23. Jeremy Bentham’s ________ approach emphasizes the determination of behavior based on theamount of pleasure or pain the behavior can be expected to produce.a. positivistb. hedonistic calculusc. common lawd. hard determinism24. In routine activities theory, an individual who effectively discourages crime is known as a______.a. suitable targetb. capable guardianc. defensible victimd. motivated offender25. Rational choice theories have been criticized for ______.a. an underemphasis on individual choiceb. a focus on biological bases of criminal behaviorc. an overemphasis on the role of social factors in crime causationd. an overemphasis on individual choiceUnit 2 Examination79GED 260 CriminologyMultiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)1. Which of the following statements would probably not be made by a biological criminologist?a. A tendency towards crime may be inherited.b. Some humans may be further along the evolutionary ladder than others.c. Individual free will is linked to variations in crime rates.d. Biological differences between men and women may explain gender differences in crimerates.2. According to positivism, how is valid knowledge acquired?a. the exercise of reasonb. adherence to beliefc. rational deductiond. observation3. The scientific study of the relationships between human physical characteristics andcriminality is called ______.a. criminal anthropologyb. phrenologyc. Darwinismd. biological theory4. According to Lombroso, which category of offenders should include someone who was temptedto commit a crime by a situational or environmental factor?a. criminaloidsb. born criminalsc. atavistsd. insane offenders5. The studies of the Juke and the Kallikak families emphasized ________ as the primary sourceof criminality.a. psychologyb. ecologyc. environmentd. geneticsUnit 2 Examination80GED 260 Criminology6. Which of the following social policies was developed during the eugenics movement?a. territorialityb. selective human breedingc. chromosomal defensesd. situational crime control7. According to Konrad Lorenz, much of what we call “crime” is the result of ______.a. overcrowded living conditionsb. neurosesc. free willd. body types8. Which of the following is not a criticism of sociobiology?a. It fails to integrate biology into the basic paradigm.b. It does not identify the importance of culture, social learning, and individual experiencesin shaping behavior.c. It does not properly depict basic human behavior.d. There is no rational basis for applying findings from animal studies to humans.9. One concern with early biological theories is their dismissal of the concept of ______.a. positivismb. genetic determinismc. heredityd. free will10. The purpose of the Human Genome Project was to determine the complete sequence of______.a. MAOAb. XYYc. RNAd. DNA11. Genes ________ human action.a. causeb. producec. enabled. determineUnit 2 Examination81GED 260 Criminology12. Which of the following brain mechanisms may be involved in aggression?a. diseaseb. food allergiesc. physical injuriesd. all of the above13. What is the effect of stress on brain structure?a. Long-term exposure to high-level stress can reduce cognition.b. Short-term exposure to stress can increase brain development.c. Stress does not have any effect on brain structure.d. Long-term exposure to low-level stress can produce neuroplasticity.14. What is the impact of sugar on behavior?a. The current evidence is unclear.b. Excess sugar consumption may lead to learning disabilities, which increase the risk ofcriminality.c. Excess sugar consumption may be linked to crime.d. Hypoglycemia increases violent behavior.