Readings:

History and Purpose of Education and Schooling 

1. Four basic purposes of school. (n.d.). In Foundations of education 201. Lumen. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/foundationsofedx81xmaster/chapter/four-basic-purposes-of-school/

•  A brief article introducing the four basic purposes of education.    

2. GOV.UK. (2015, July 9).  The purpose of education. Retrieved July 5, 2021, from https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/the-purpose-of-education

• The British Minister of Education explains his vision for the purpose of British education.

3. Reimers, F. (2017, August 03). Rediscovering the cosmopolitan moral purpose of education. BROOKINGS. https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/rediscovering-the-cosmopolitan-moral-purpose-of-education/ 

• This opinion piece from the Brookings Institute discusses the changing purpose of education in a globalized society. (PDF is available for download at the website).

4. The purpose of education. (1947.). The Martin Luther King, Jr, Papers Project.  http://okra.stanford.edu/transcription/document_images/Vol01Scans/123_Jan-Feb1947_The%20Purpose%20of%20Education.pdf

• Text of a speech that Martin Luther King Jr. gave on the purpose of education and provides yet another perspective.

5. Walker, T. (2016, August 29). Whats the Purpose of Education? The public doesnt agree on the answer. NEA News. http://neatoday.org/2016/08/29/the-purpose-of-education-pdk-poll/

• This article discusses the results of the yearly public poll and highlights there is no one opinion on the purpose of education. 

6. What is the purpose of education? [Infographic] (2012). ASCD. https://www.ascd.org/ASCD/pdf/journals/ed_update/eu201207_infographic.pdf

• This infographic shows how the purpose of education in the US has changed in modern times.

History of US Educational System: 

This section will provide you with an understanding of the history of the American educational system and the Common School Movement. The Common School Movement is considered one of the pillars of Western education.

7. Gray, P. (2008, August 20). A brief history of education. Psychology Today.  https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/freedom-learn/200808/brief-history-education

•  Dr. Gray discusses the history of education and states schools are the product of history.

8. Graham, P. A. (2005). Introduction. In Schooling America: How the public schools meet the nation’s changing needs. (14-20).

• The introduction to this book gives a thoughtful overview of the changing purposes of American education. 

• To access this resource, first access eBook Central Academic through LIRN. Once you are in eBook Central, copy and paste the title, Schooling America as the title, in the search field.

The Common School Movement and John Dewey and His Influence 

9. Jeynes, W. (2012). The widespread growth of the common school and higher education. In American Educational History, pp. 145-156.  https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/13715_Chapter6.pdf

• Read pages 145-156 to gain a deeper understanding of the Common School movement and its purposes, educational reformers and perspectives of who those who opposed the Common school system.

John Dewey and His Influence: 

John Dewey had a profound and lasting impact on education. This section will introduce you to his theories of education and analyze his view of the purposes of education from a variety of perspectives. 

10. Mintz, A. I. (n.d.). What is the purpose of education? Dewey’s challenge to his contemporaries. https://www.academia.edu/23693775/What_is_the_Purpose_of_Education_Deweys_challenge_to_his_contemporaries

• This chapter provides a more in-depth discussion of Deweys views of the purpose of education and how it related to other philosophers views.

11. Talebi, K. (2015, September). John Dewey- philosopher and educational reformer. European Journal of Educational Studies, 1(1). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED564712.pdf

• This chapter provides an in-depth discussion of John Dewey and his impact on American education.

The IB Learner Profile: 

12. About the IB. (n.d.). International Baccalaueate. https://www.ibo.org/about-the-ib/

• Take a moment to explore the IB Website and learn more about the International Baccalaureate Organization, their mission, and their educational philosophy.

13. The IB learner profile. (2013). International Baccalaureate. https://www.ibo.org/contentassets/fd82f70643ef4086b7d3f292cc214962/learner-profile-en.pdf